Bihar Election & Muted Market Reaction: Is Modiomics Failing?

 



India's benchmark stock index Nifty surged almost 2% since last week (November 9, 2025) on better-than-expected election win by BJP/NDA (Modi admin) in the Bihar state election and hopes of an imminent withdrawal of the 25% additional tariff on Russian oil. The surge has been fueled by two major developments: the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance's (NDA) landslide victory in the Bihar Assembly elections and mounting optimism around an impending India-US trade deal. These factors have eased political uncertainty and boosted investor confidence in policy continuity, the never-ending attraction of Modinomics, and export growth. But despite the BJP's unexpected blockbuster margin of win in the Bihar election, the overall Nifty rally was quite limited, less than 1% unlike the Modi 2.0 and 1.0 era, when a 3-5% rally in such scenarios was the norm. So, the question is whether the attraction of Modinomics is falling?

Bihar Election 2025: A Blockbuster Mandate for Modinomics or Bribe Politics and Election Strategies?

On November 14, 2025, when the Election Commission declared the final results, Bihar delivered one of the most decisive verdicts in its recent political history. The BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) swept to power with 202 seats in the 243-member assembly, crossing the majority mark by a staggering 81 seats. The BJP itself emerged as the single-largest party with 91 seats, while its key ally, Nitish Kumar’s JD (U), secured 84. The opposition Mahagathbandhan (RJD-Congress-Left) was reduced to a paltry 34 seats, with Tejashwi Yadav’s RJD winning just 28.

This was not merely a victory; it was a political earthquake: How the Numbers Tell the Story.

·         NDA vote share: ~47.8% (highest since 1990)

·         Mahagathbandhan vote share: ~29.4% (lowest in two decades)

·         Seat swing from 2020: NDA gained a net +47 seats, Mahagathbandhan lost 76

·         Women voter turnout: Record 69.8% (up from 59.7% in 2020)

·         NOTA pressed in only 0.42% of votes (lowest ever)

The Big Reasons behind the NDA Landslide

v  The Return of the “Double-Engine” Narrative 

After the brief turbulence of Nitish Kumar’s 2022-2024 flip-flop, the BJP’s aggressive reconciliation and seat-sharing formula (BJP 153, JD(U) 78, LJP-RV 5, HAM 3) restored the image of a stable, development-focused alliance. PM Modi’s 22 rallies and Amit Shah’s 18 visits reinforced the message: “Bihar needs a government that works in tandem with the Centre.”

v  Women's Power Decided the Mandate 

The continuation and expansion of schemes like the 7th phase liquor prohibition, Jeevika self-help groups, and direct cash transfers (3,000 monthly to women under the new Mahila Samridhi Yojana announced in the campaign) created an unbreakable bond with female voters. In many rural constituencies, women's turnout exceeded men's by 12-15 percentage points.

v  Collapse of the MY (Muslim-Yadav) Equation 

Despite Tejashwi's energetic campaigning and promises of 10 lakh jobs, the RJD failed to consolidate its traditional Muslim-Yadav base. Muslims (17.7% of the population) showed visible fragmentation, with a section shifting towards AIMIM (which won 4 seats) and a larger chunk simply staying home. Yadavs (14%) remained loyal but were outnumbered by the NDA's EBC-Dalit-Non-Yadav OBC consolidation.

v  Development Over Caste Arithmetic 

The NDA hammered home tangible deliverables: 4-lane highways touching every district, 95% rural electrification, 3 new AIIMS, the Kosi-Mechi river-linking project, and the highest-ever central funds (2.4 lakh crore in the last five years). In contrast, the oppositions narrative of jungle raj 2.0 and caste census failed to ignite the same passion it did in 2020.

v  The Nitish Kumar Era Continues

At 74, Nitish Kumar is set to take oath for a record fifth term as Chief Minister on November 21. The BJP, despite being the larger partner, has gracefully conceded the CM post to JD (U) as part of the pre-poll pact. Samrat Choudhary and Vijay Sinha will be the two Deputy Chief Ministers from the BJP.

v  What This Means for Bihar (and India)

·         Political stability for the next five years in a state that saw 11 governments between 1990 and 2005.

·         Faster execution of central schemes (PM Awas, Jal Jeevan Mission, ethanol blending plants, Semiconductor Park in Patna).

·         A stronger signal to investors: Bihar’s ease-of-doing-business ranking has already jumped from 26th to 14th since 2020.

·         A morale booster for the BJP ahead of crucial 2026-27 battles in Assam, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu.

·         PM Modi consolidated his position within the fragmented BJP, a section of which wants his retirement from active electoral politics due to his 75 years of age; Modi is now expected to continue till at least the 2029 general election, but may not participate in the next general election.

Overall Public Mood

As the sun rose over Patna on November 15, the streets were filled with saffron flags and the rhythmic beats of dhol-tasha. Firecrackers lit up even the poorest bastis (slums) of Patna and Bhagalpur. For the first time in decades, Bihar voted overwhelmingly for continuity rather than change, for asphalt roads rather than old caste loyalties, and for a future that feels within reach. In the words of a tea-stall owner in Muzaffarpur who voted for the NDA:  “Pehle log bolte the Bihar sudhrega nahi. Ab lagta hai sudhar chuka hai”--(They used to say Bihar can never improve. Now it feels it already has.)

The real story of the Bihar Election 2025

Unpacking the BJP's "Proxy Warfare" in Bihar 2025: From Fragmentation to Tsunami

The BJP-led NDA's thumping victory in the Bihar Assembly elections—securing 202 of 243 seats—has been hailed as a "tsunami" by party leaders, but beneath the saffron surge lies a calculated mosaic of electoral engineering. The BJP didn't just win; it orchestrated a multi-pronged assault on the opposition's vote banks, leveraging proxies to splinter the Mahagathbandhan's (MGB) cohesion. By deploying influencers like Prashant Kishore (PK), bolstering AIMIM's niche appeal, exploiting LJP's caste dynamics, and dangling targeted incentives like the 10,000 women's stipend, the NDA turned potential vulnerabilities into decisive advantages.

BJP Proxy PK's Digital Dagger: Tarnishing Tejashwi and Eroding Youth Support

Prashant Kishore, the maverick strategist-turned-politician, entered Bihar's fray with his Jan Suraaj Party (JSP) not as a direct NDA ally but as a de facto disruptor (proxy). Contesting 140+ seats independently, JSP siphoned off anti-incumbency votes that might have flowed to Tejashwi Yadav's RJD, which had positioned itself as the youth's champion with promises of 10 lakh jobs. PK's campaign was a masterclass in negative branding: relentless social media blitzes, AI-generated memes, and whistleblower-style expos painted Tejashwi as a "dynast out of touch with Bihar's aspirations." This hit hard among urban millennials and Gen-Z voters in Patna, Muzaffarpur, and Bhagalpur, where JSP polled 8-10% but won zero seats—effectively a "vote sink" that cost RJD 15-20 seats in youth-heavy constituencies.

Post-poll surveys reveal the damage.

RJD's youth vote share dipped from 32% in 2020 to 22% in 2025, with many citing "Tejashwi's unfulfilled promises" as the turn-off: PK's indirect benefit to BJP?

PK’s "governance audit" rallies echoed NDA talking points on corruption, priming swing voters for Modi's "Vikas Guarantee." Ironically, PK's flop (0 seats) amplified the narrative of opposition disarray, making the MGB look like a relic. During the campaign, PK also criticized the BJP leadership of other states in a bid to distract from his main agenda in favor of an apparent anti-BJP, anti-Nitish Kumar, and anti-Tejashwi Yadav image.

AIMIM as the Muslim Vote Splitter: BJP’s Proxy in Bihar’s Seemanchal

The All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM), led by Asaduddin Owaisi, wasn't formally in the NDA's pocket, but its 2025 performance—winning 5 seats with 1.85% statewide vote share—acted like a scalpel on RJD's Muslim-Yadav (MY) fortress. Concentrated in the Muslim-majority Seemanchal belt (Kishanganj, Purnea, Araria, Katihar—24 seats), AIMIM's aggressive outreach on "Muslim dignity" and local issues like flood relief fragmented the 17% Muslim electorate. RJD, which banked on consolidating 80% of Muslim votes, saw it drop to 55-60%, leading to a near-wipeout in the region (MGB won just 2 seats there).

This wasn't accidental. BJP's subtle signaling—through backchannel nods and non-aggression in key contests—allowed AIMIM to thrive as a "third force." Owaisi's barbs at RJD ("false promises to Muslims") mirrored BJP's "appeasement politics" critique, further eroding Tejashwi's image among younger Muslims wary of Lalu-era baggage. The payoff: NDA swept 18/24 Seemanchal seats, flipping the MY equation into Modi's touted "positive MY" (Mahila-Youth) pivot.

LJP's Caste Calculus: Consolidating the Dalit-OBC Base

Chirag Paswan's Lok Jan Shakti Party (Ram Vilas)—LJP( RV)—returned to the NDA fold after its 2020 solo run had inadvertently boosted RJD by splitting JD (U) votes. This time, contesting 29 seats, LJP (RV) won 19-22, punching above its 3-4% vote weight by hyper-targeting Paswan-Dusadh Dalits (6% of voters) and peripheral OBCs. But the real genius was in "costing" the MGB's caste arithmetic: LJP's micro-campaigns in 50+ constituencies diluted RJD's Yadav consolidation and Congress's upper-caste forays, turning potential MGB pickups into NDA holds.

In 2020, LJP's rebellion had gifted RJD 20+ seats; in 2025, its loyalty fortified the NDA's EBC-Dalit firewall, especially in north Bihar. Chirag's youth appeal—via TikTok-style rallies on education and jobs—further chipped at Tejashwi's base, with LJP claiming 25% of Dalit votes that RJD eyed. Result? A unified NDA vote transfer that amplified BJP-JD (U)'s 39% combined share into a seat bonanza.

The 10K "Bribe": Sealing the Deal with Women's Wallets (last bullet in the coffin)

ECI remains silent

No dissection of the NDA's win is complete without the "Mahila Samridhi Yojana"—a pre-poll announcement of 10,000 annual cash transfers to women heads of households, layered atop existing schemes like Kanya Vivah and cycle distribution. Framed as empowerment, critics like Tejashwi slammed it as a "vote-buying gimmick," but it landed like a thunderbolt among Bihar's 51% female electorate. Women's turnout soared to 69.8% (vs. 59.7% in 2020), and exit polls show they favored NDA by 55-45% over MGB, crediting Nitish's "pro-women" ledger (liquor ban extension, safety initiatives).

This wasn't just cash; it was psychological warfare. In rural strongholds like Madhubani and Sitamarhi, the promise neutralized RJD's caste census pitch, swaying EBC and Mahadalit women. The "bribe" tag? It backfired on Tejashwi, reinforcing his "entitled heir" image amid PK-fueled scandals. NDA's women-centric push—22 Modi rallies invoking "Nari Shakti"—clinched 60% of female votes in 100+ seats.

The Bihar Tsunami's Aftermath: A Blueprint for 2026?

The BJP's evolution was from brute-force mobilization to surgical fragmentation—proxies as pawns, incentives as icing. RJD's 25-29 seats (despite topping vote share at ~28%) underscore the efficiency: MGB's MY core held (Yadavs at 90% loyalty), but cracks elsewhere proved fatal. For Tejashwi, the loss stings personally—retaining Raghopur by 14,532 votes feels hollow against the statewide rout. BJP's playbook-Scalable to West Bengal or Assam, where youth disillusionment and minority flux loom large. In Bihar's churn, this wasn't mere opportunism—it was political chess. The NDA didn't build a new majority; it dismantled the old one, brick by proxy. As Nitish eyes his fifth term on November 21, the real question is why the market reaction is so muted despite the blockbuster win by the BJP/NDA?

Allegations of Voter List Manipulation in Bihar 2025 Elections: The SIR Controversy and BJP's Alleged Role

As the dust settles on the BJP-led NDA's landslide victory in the Bihar Assembly elections—securing 202 of 243 seats—the opposition has zeroed in on one flashpoint: the controversial Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) earlier this year. Critics, including Congress, RJD, and allies in the INDIA bloc, have accused the process of being a deliberate tool for voter suppression, allegedly orchestrated to favor the BJP by purging names of opposition-leaning voters, particularly from minority, poor, and migrant communities. With over 74 million voters at stake in a state plagued by migration and poverty, the SIR has become a symbol of what opposition leaders call "vote Chori" (vote theft), potentially explaining the Mahagathbandhan's (MGB) rout (just 35 seats). This isn't just post-poll sour grapes; the controversy simmered for months, sparking protests, Supreme Court petitions, and even parliamentary disruptions.

Opposition parties claim the SIR wasn't a cleanup but a "surgical strike" on their vote banks, deleting 4-6.5 million names (5-8% of total voters) in a way that disproportionately hit Muslims (17% of Bihar's population), Yadavs (14%), Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs), Dalits, and poor migrants—groups that lean toward RJD-Congress.

v  Rahul Gandhi's "Vote Chori" Campaign: Gandhi led a 16-day "Voter Adhikar Yatra" across 23 districts, alleging ECI-BJP nexus stole 25 lakh votes in Haryana (citing duplicate photos, even a Brazilian model's image on IDs). He extended this to Bihar, calling SIR a "flop show" that enabled NDA's "hijacking." The INDIA bloc staged a "Bihar Bandh" on July 9 and marched to ECI offices; the Supreme Court heard petitions urging a delay, with one judge suggesting delinking SIR from polls for better review.

v  Post-results, the chorus grew louder: Akhilesh Yadav called it a "rigged mandate" and "electoral conspiracy," while Shiv Sena (UBT) claimed BJP's Maharashtra playbook—adding fakes there, deleting here—was repeated. Congress's Ajay Maken flagged "something amiss," vowing evidence of wrongdoing.

v  BJP claims opposition rigged past polls via fakes: ECI notes only 17 lakh inclusion applications vs. 21 lakh additions, showing transparency.

v  ECI's Stance: Rejected claims as "baseless"; no evidence of bias, and the process followed constitutional norms. CEC Kumar's pressers emphasized logistics, not politics.

v  Legal experts like Prashant Bhushan argue for "social audits" over rushed BLO verifications, warning of ECI's "credibility crisis." The Supreme Court has urged better planning for future SIRs, now rolling out in 12 more states/UTs.

Broader Implications: An Acid Test for Indian Electoral Democracy?

The SIR saga underscores deepening distrust in institutions, with opposition vowing probes and boycotts in future polls (e.g., Akhilesh: "SIR game exposed" for Bengal/UP). For BJP, it's a win-win: electoral dominance plus a narrative of "clean" governance. Yet, with Bihar's poverty (highest in India) and migration woes unaddressed, the real test is delivery—lest 2026 battles (Assam, Bengal) reignite these fires. As one Patna protester put it amid July's Bandh: "Voter lists clean? Our futures aren't." Independent investigations, as Congress demands, could clarify whether SIR was reform or rigging. For now, Bihar's "tsunami" rolls on, but the undercurrents of doubt persist. India is fast becoming a 'banana republic' and an electoral autocracy despite having the title of the World's biggest democracy. Although freedom of speech in India is almost assured, freedom after speech may not be!

Muted reaction of the market: Is the attraction of Modinomics fading?

The overall reaction of the market was quite muted despite the BJP/NDA's blockbuster win in various states (Haryana, Delhi-UT, Maharashtra, and Bihar), consolidating PM Modi's hold despite growing rift in the BJP and corporate India (Note Bank) over Gujarat vs Maharashtra lobby.

India's Fiscal Tightrope: UPA vs NDA – A Tale of Similar Strains and Squeezed Development Space

Overall Indian economic performance-no major difference between UPA (2004-24) & NDA (2014-24); combined public debt growing ~12% vs 13% against real GDP growth 7% vs 6%; Federal govt paying almost 45% & 35% of its core revenue as interest on public debt & salaries/pension alone; after freebies, little left for development of the country.

India's economic journey under the United Progressive Alliance (UPA, 2004–2014) and the National Democratic Alliance (NDA, 2014–present) reveals a striking continuity in macroeconomic pressures, despite differing global contexts and policy emphases. The overall performance shows little divergence, with public debt growth hovering around 12–13% annually against real GDP expansion of 6–7%, and committed (mandatory) expenditures (interest, salaries, pensions) devouring 45% and 35% of core revenue, respectively, leaving scant room for development post-subsidies. Both regimes grappled with rising debt servicing costs amid moderate growth, constraining capital outlays and long-term investments. This "fiscal squeeze" has persisted, exacerbated by external shocks (global financial crisis for UPA; COVID for NDA), but rooted in structural issues like high committed spending and subsidy burdens. The NDA complicated the overall economic trajectory by introducing higher & complicated GST and tariffs, resulting in a higher cost of living and an affordability issue.


India requires political & policy reforms from political funding to land, labor, and law. India needs to follow the EU/US model of political funding, electoral reform, including constructive debate on economic plan and other issues. India also needs to follow the Chinese model of development, involving mostly local governments rather than using it as a political PR campaign.

India's external debt is now increasing rapidly above its FX reserve levels.

As of mid-2025, total external debt stands at $747.2 billion (end-June 2025), reflecting a robust 10–13% year-on-year (YoY) growth from $668.8 billion a year earlier. In contrast, FX reserves have been on a declining trend, dipping to $687.0 billion as of November 7, 2025—down $2.7 billion in a single week and over $8 billion since late October. This marks the first sustained instance in recent years where debt has eclipsed reserves (debt-to-reserves ratio now ~108.7%), reversing India's post-1991 crisis norm of ample reserve buffers (typically 100–110% coverage). While the debt-to-GDP ratio remains moderate at 18.9% (end-June 2025), the rapid debt accumulation amid reserve erosion signals heightened vulnerability to global shocks like currency volatility or capital outflows.


Currency and Import Risks: With 54% USD exposure, further rupee weakening (projected 2–3% in FY26) could add $10–15 billion to debt stock via valuation. Oil imports (80-85% of energy needs) consume ~20% of reserves annually; Higher oil prices could drain another $5–10 billion (if India is forced to buy US oil).


India's M2 (MONEY SUPPLY) is now growing above real GDP; this, along with increasing current account deficit, USDINR may scale 100 levels by 2028-29; the Indian economy may face stagflation, higher cost of living, and a weak labor market. 

India's 'K'-shaped economy needs political & policy reform.

India's $3.9T economy (nominal GDP), often touted as the world's fastest-growing major, is navigating a precarious path. Highlights a confluence of red flags: M2 money supply outpacing real GDP growth, a persistent current account (CA) deficit, potential rupee depreciation to 100/USD by 202829, and the specter of stagflation amid an increasing K-shaped economy. These dynamics could indeed amplify cost-of-living pressures and weaken the labor market, underscoring the urgent need for bold political and policy interventions.

Jobless growth in K-Shaped Economy: Thriving Elites, Squeezed Masses

India's post-COVID rebound remains starkly unequal—a "K-shaped" recovery where high-end segments (tech, pharma, equities) soar while informal labor (90% of workforce) lags. Urban consumption dipped 2–3% in Q2 FY26 (rural up 1%), with two-wheeler sales (proxy for middle-class) flat lining amid 7–8% food inflation. Labor market woes: Unemployment at 7.8% (urban youth 17%), EPFO additions slowing to 1.2 million/month, and real wages stagnant since 2022. India's $3.9 trillion economy risks a "lost decade" without addressing these fissures. K-shaped inequities could fuel social unrest.

India has to improve its economic/labor productivity above GDP growth, so that higher GDP will not cause higher inflation. For India to achieve sustained 8–9% real GDP growth without triggering persistent inflation, labor and total-factor productivity (TFP) must grow faster than GDP itself. Historically, India has relied on factor accumulation (more capital + more labor force) rather than efficiency gains. That model is hitting its limits. Every 1% extra GDP growth currently requires ~0.6–0.7% extra employment + ~0.4–0.5% inflation pressure because productivity/efficiency is lagging. This is exactly why 7–8% growth still produces 5–6% CPI and occasional 7–8% spikes. To grow at 8% real with lower than 4% inflation, India needs:

·         Labor Productivity 7.0% vs 4% current                           

·         Total Factor Productivity 4.0%  vs 1.5% current                    

·         Employment Growth 1.5% vs current 2.5%

Productivity is the ultimate

India can keep printing 7–8% GDP growth with 5–6% inflation forever — or switch to 8–9% GDP growth with 3–4% inflation forever. The difference is that productivity is growing faster than GDP, not the other way around. East Asia proved it is possible in one generation. India has the demographic window until ~2040. After that, aging kicks in, and the game becomes much harder. 2026–2030 is the last real shot at the productivity supercycle. Everything else (rupee, inflation, jobs, inequality) will follow automatically if we get this one variable right. But it may be very difficult as India is a service & import-oriented economy, and that too being subject to inefficient government employees.

Conclusions: Everything fair in love & war, and also elections

Overall muted reactions of the Indian stock market, even after blockbuster wins by Modi in state after state (HR, DL, MH, and BR) after the June'24 general election debacle, show Modinomics may not be working fine amid increasing unemployment/under-employment, weak labor market, and higher cost of living. Modi’s mantra of reform & perform, and the marketing theme of 6D (development, demand, demography, deregulation, digitalization, and democracy) may now be in peril. India's so-called demographic dividend may now be turning into a demographic nightmare, and GEN-Z protests/chaos amid a lack of sufficient well-paid public and private jobs.

Higher cost of living is eroding discretionary consumer spending and private consumption & CAPEX. So-called democracy is now turning into an electoral autocracy. The model of Federal government-centric & politically motivated so-called development is not working properly simply because of the constant political game of chess. In his 15 years of administration with unprecedented political and public mandate, Modi could go for real structural & monumental reforms in land, labor, and law, along with politics & other policies. But Modi preferred the same Vote Bank policies and went for incremental policy & process reforms.

Indian policy makers need credible basic economic data like core CPI inflation and the employment situation of the country, along with private consumption & capex data. But Indian politicians are unwilling to publish such data and are more interested in the cast census rather than the true economic census. India does not provide quality universal free/affordable healthcare & education for its 1.5 billion people, and this, along with the higher cost of living, has subdued private discretionary consumer spending. Also, higher energy and other input costs are making Indian exports less competitive in both the global & local markets.

Higher indirect taxes like GST and tariffs, along with constrained supply of food items relative to demand and poor logistical & warehousing infra, devalued currency, the cost of living is doubling almost every 10 years. Although the economy is growing around 6% & 10% in real and nominal terms, overall productivity is much lower, around 4%, which is creating higher inflation of ~0.5% for every 1% additional nominal GDP growth.   Although the total CPI inflation is now turning into virtual deflation, it's purely due to the higher food inflation base effect in the last year and should bounce back in 2026. The Indian core CPI is now bouncing back to above 4%. Although the government (MOSPI) now claims 5% average unemployment rate, it’s around 8% as per private (CMIE) data. Thus, it's safe to assume the headline unemployment rate is around 6.5% (average) even after considering the huge surge in temporary gig workers.

Bottom line:

Irrespective of political narrative, be it Modinomics (Modi/BJP) or Rahulnomics (Rahul Gandhi/INC), India needs a complete reset, right from political funding, the entire ecosystem of politics and policies, to be a truly developed economy by 2047 or even by 2100. Although at present, Nifty is poised to scale ATH 26500-27500 on hopes of an imminent US-India trade deal optimism, looking ahead, lower tariffs on US goods may also hurt the bottom line of Indian corporates. For the time being, all focus would be on earnings for Q2FY26, which is poised to come around 800 for Nifty. And at around 26000, TTM PE would be around 32.5, in a clear bubble zone.

Technical outlook: Nifty, Bank Nifty, and USDINR Future

Looking ahead, whatever may be the narrative, technically Nifty Future (CMP: 26050) now has to sustain over 26150 for a further rally towards 26250/26350-26400/26500* and further 26650/26800-27000/27500* in the coming days; otherwise, sustaining below 26450, Nifty Future may slip to 26250/26000-25375*/24750 and 24400/24000*-23500/23100 in the coming days.


Technically, Bank Nifty Future (59027) now has to sustain over 59100 for a further rally to 59500*/60000-60500/61000 and a a further 61500/62000-63000/65750 in the coming days; otherwise, sustaining below 59000, BNF may fall to 58400/58000-57700/57100 and 56500/56100-55600/55000 and further 54500-54000 in the coming days.



Technically, USDINR-I now (88.90) has to sustain over 89.50 for a further rally to 90.00/90.50-91.00/91.50 and 92.50-94.50 in the coming days; otherwise, sustaining below 89.00/88.50-88.00/87.50, USDINR may again fall to 87.00-86.50/86.00-85.50/85.00 and 84.00-83.50 in the coming days.



 Disclaimer:  I am an NSE-certified Level-2 market professional (Financial Analyst- Fundamental + Technical) and not a SEBI/SEC-registered investment advisor. The article is purely educational and not a proxy for any trading/investment signal/advice.  

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