SPX hits record high on hopes of softer Trump and Fed policy

 


·         But at 217 TTM EPS, and 6500 SPX 500, the TTM PE would be 30, a historical bubble zone; the focus would be on Trump’s tariff and Fed tantrum

·         The actual import data and tariffs collected by the US Treasury (paid by US importers) are around 6% in H1CY25 vs the earlier 3% in H1CY24

·         If Trump implements all his reciprocal tariffs narrative from August 1, 2025, as per current rates, then the effective weighted average tariffs would be around 24%

·         Trump is also offering additional tax deduction upfront on CAPEX expenses, which is acting as a fiscal stimulus for Wall Street


In early Asian Session, Monday, July 21, 2025, Wall Street Futures recovered from Trump’s EU tariff threat (15-20%) panic low after another Trial balloon that Trump may be fine with EU tariffs of 15%. Although there was some concern about Fed Chair Powell’s resignation probability, the market was also calm after a report that Treasury Secretary Besant may have convinced his boss, President Trump in a private conversation that at this moment, firing Powell may act as a boomerang for Wall Street and thus there is a need for patience. And anyway, the Fed is expected to start cutting rates from September unanimously, even after another pause in July.

Extension of Tariff Deadline to August 1, 2025:

On July 8, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order extending the deadline for "reciprocal" tariffs (except those on China) from July 9 to August 1, 2025. This extension was based on recommendations from senior officials and ongoing trade negotiations. The move was intended to provide more time for countries to negotiate trade deals with the U.S. to avoid higher tariffs.

New Tariff Rates Announced for Specific Countries:

On July 7 and 8, 2025, Trump sent letters to 14 countries, including Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Laos, Myanmar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tunisia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Serbia, Cambodia, and Thailand, detailing new tariff rates effective August 1, 2025. These rates include:

·         25% tariffs on goods from South Korea, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, and Tunisia.

·         30% tariffs on goods from South Africa.

·         35% tariffs on goods from Serbia and Bangladesh.

·         36% tariffs on goods from Thailand and Cambodia.

·         40% tariffs on goods from Myanmar and Laos

·         50% tariffs on goods from Brazil

·         19% tariffs on goods from the Philippines

·         15% tariffs on goods from the EU (Chatter)

·         15% tariffs on goods from Japan, Indonesia

·         30% tariffs on goods from China (including 20% Fentanyl levy)

·         10% tariffs on goods from the U.K.

·         55% tariffs on non-USMCA goods from Mexico (~ on 50% of imports) vs earlier 50% (including Fentanyl tariffs of 25%); the remaining 50% imports 0% under USMCA; effective weighted average tariffs were ~25% from April’25 vs 27.5% from Aug’25

·         60% tariffs on non-USMCA goods from Canada (~ on 10% of imports) vs earlier 50% (including Fentanyl tariffs of 25%); USMCA compliant goods 0% on ~40% of exports and 10% on energy products & potash (Fertilizer) ~50% of imports; effective weighted average tariffs were ~10.00% from April’25 vs 11.00% from Aug’25

Country-Specific Tariffs

China: 10% baseline + 20% fentanyl levy, total 30% effective May 14, 2025, after a 90-day reduction from 145% (May 12 deal-temporary truce); it’s set to expire August 12, 2025, potentially rising to 54% (34% reciprocal + 20% fentanyl). China reduced tariffs to 10%, resumed rare earth exports. An additional 25% chip tariff applies. Talks ongoing (July 21, 2025); US permits AI chips and critical areophane parts exports to China. We may expect a US-China meeting on trade by the last week of July and another extension for 90 days to November-December’25. Trump and Xi may meet on the sidelines of the APEC summit in the coming months and Trump may also visit China in September’25, where Trump may also announce the withdrawal of 20% Fentanyl tariffs on Chinese goods for ‘satisfactory compliance’ to prevent the precursors from entering the US directly or indirectly.

Mexico: Mexico (50% Non-USMCA): 25% base tariff + 25% fentanyl tariff on non-USMCA goods (~50%, ~$250 billion), effective March 4, 2025, under IEEPA. USMCA-compliant goods (~50%) are exempt indefinitely. Threatened a 30% base tariff increase to a total of 55% with fentanyl (unconfirmed). Mexico plans retaliation, with a July 17, 2025, Section 301 investigation leading into digital trade (DST) escalating tensions; Overall, Mexico’s weighted average tariffs were ~12.50% from April’25 and set to rise to 13.75% from August’25 unless Trump modifies it again.

Canada: 35% base tariff + 25% fentanyl tariff on non-USMCA goods (~10% of imports), effective August 1, 2025; USMCA goods (~40%) exempt; energy/potash at 10% (on ~50% of Canadian exports). Canada’ USMCA-compliant goods (~38/40%) primarily consist of autos and parts meeting 75% North American content. Energy and potash exports (~52/50% consist of mainly oil, gas, and minerals face a 10% tariff. The remaining ~8/10% are non-USMCA-manufactured goods like electronics or agricultural products face the 60% tariff from August’25 vs the earlier 50% in April’25; i.e., effective weighted average tariffs would be ~11.00% from August vs 10.00% earlier in April’25. Canada retaliated with 25% tariffs on $107 billion of U.S. goods. Impacts autos, steel.

Indonesia – 19% Tariff: On July 15, 2025, Trump announced a trade deal reducing Indonesia’s tariff from 32% (threatened July 7, 2025) to 19%, effective August 1, 2025. Indonesia eliminated 99% of tariffs on U.S. goods, committed to $19.5 billion in U.S. purchases (energy, agriculture, Boeing jets), and will supply critical minerals.  The 19% tariff minimally impacts U.S. consumers but supports U.S. exporters.

U.S.-Japan Tariff Update (Effective August 1, 2025): Japan Tariff Status

Current Status (15% Trade Deal): On July 22, 2025, President Trump announced a “massive” trade deal with Japan, effective August 1, 2025, setting a 15% “reciprocal” tariff on all Japanese goods exported to the U.S., including automobiles and auto parts, replacing the 10% baseline tariff (April 9, 2025) and the previously threatened 24% tariff (April 2, 2025) and 25% tariff (July 7, 2025). Japan committed to $550 billion in U.S. investments (e.g., manufacturing, natural gas pipeline projects) and opened markets to U.S. goods (cars, trucks, rice, agricultural products) with zero tariffs. Steel and aluminum remain subject to a 50% Section 232 tariff, and semiconductors face a 25% Section 301 tariff, with exemptions for smartphones and certain electronics.

On June 23, Trump announced Japan’s 15% tariffs:

“We just completed a massive Deal with Japan, perhaps the largest Deal ever made. Japan will invest, at my direction, 550 Billion Dollars into the United States, which will receive 90% of the Profits. This Deal will create Hundreds of Thousands of Jobs — There has never been anything like it. Perhaps most importantly, Japan will open its Country to Trade including Cars and Trucks, Rice and certain other Agricultural Products, and other things. Japan will pay Reciprocal Tariffs to the United States of 15%. This is a very exciting time for the United States of America, and especially for the fact that we will continue to always have a great relationship with the Country of Japan. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

Trump announced Japan’s 15% tariffs quite unexpectedly and suddenly on July 23, after the US Treasury Chief Besant visited Japan on the previous weekend for export promotion. This follows just after the Japanese upper House election, in which the ruling party LDP has to face a miserable defeat primarily due to Trump’s tariffs tantrum on Japan and Japan’s show of weakness at Trump’s tariff gunpoint.

Previous Trump Tariff Threats: On April 2, 2025, Trump imposed a 24% tariff on Japanese goods (reduced to 10% on April 9, 2025, for 90 days). On July 2, 2025, he threatened a 35% tariff, revised to 25% on July 7, 2025, via a letter to Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, citing Japan’s $148 billion trade surplus (2024). The 15% deal, announced after intense negotiations, is the “lowest figure” among countries with U.S. trade surpluses, while Besant pointed out age age-old good relationship between the US and Japan on the geopolitical front.

Developments: Japan’s negotiator, Ryosei Akazawa, called the deal “#Mission Accomplished” on X, noting no volume restrictions on auto tariffs (unlike the UK’s 100,000-vehicle quota at 10%). Japanese PM Ishiba emphasized ongoing talks for steel/aluminum tariffs. Bank of Japan Deputy Governor Shinichi Uchida called it “very big progress,” reducing recession risks.

Economic Impact

·         Japan’s 15% Tariff: Affects ~$148 billion in Japanese exports (2024), with autos (28.3% of exports, $41 billion) benefiting from the reduction from 25%.

·         Raises U.S. consumer prices (e.g., vehicles, electronics) but less than feared.

·         Japan’s $550 billion investment supports U.S. manufacturing (e.g., Alaska gas pipeline).

·         Some estimates see a 0.5% U.S. PCE price increase for the US and a 0.3% Japanese GDP reduction in 2025.

·         The White House praises the deal as U.S.-favorable, extracting steel/aluminum (25%), and semiconductors (25%) effective March 4, 2025, under Sections 232 and 301, respectively.

·         Despite Trump’s 0% tariff claims on US goods, Japan may not reduce its tariffs, maintaining 3–8% on U.S. goods (e.g., autos, agriculture).

Trump called the Japan deal “perhaps the largest deal ever made,” highlighting $550 billion in investments and 90% U.S. profit share. Trump also emphasized a “great relationship with Japan” at a White House event. On July 14, 2025, Trump described tariffs as “the most beautiful word,” noting flexibility on the August 1 deadline if Japan offered a better deal.

Trump’s comments about the Indonesia and Japan trade deal:

·         President Ferdinand Marcos, of the Philippines, is just leaving the White House, with all of his many Representatives. It was a beautiful visit, and we concluded our Trade Deal, whereby the Philippines is going OPEN MARKET with the United States, and ZERO Tariffs. The Philippines will pay a 19% Tariff. In addition, we will work together militarily. It was a Great Honor to be with the President. He is Highly Respected in his Country, as he should be. He is also a very good and tough negotiator. We extend our warmest regards to the wonderful people of the Philippines!

·         It is my great honor to announce our trade agreement with Indonesia

·         Indonesia will supply the United States with its precious critical minerals

·         Indonesia will sign big deals to purchase Boeing aircraft, American farm products, and American energy.

·         Indonesia has also agreed, for the first time, to COMPLETELY OPEN ITS MARKET TO THE USA. That’s BIG!!! Our businesses will make a fortune. Likewise Japan!

·         Remember, Japan is, for the first time, OPENING ITS MARKET TO THE USA, even to cars, SUVs, Trucks, and everything else, even agriculture and RICE, which was always a complete NO, NO. The Open Market Japan may be as big a profit factor as the Tariffs themselves, but was only achieved because of the Tariff Power. They also agreed to buy BILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF MILITARY AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, and give us 90% of 550 BILLION DOLLARS - AND MORE!!! MAGA!!!

·         I will always give up Tariff points if I can get major countries to OPEN THEIR MARKETS TO THE USA. Another great power of Tariffs. Without them, it would be impossible to get countries to OPEN UP!!! ALWAYS, ZERO TARIFFS TO AMERICA!!!

·         I WILL ONLY LOWER TARIFFS IF A COUNTRY AGREES TO OPEN ITS MARKET. IF NOT, MUCH HIGHER TARIFFS! Japan’s Markets are now OPEN (for the first time!). USA BUSINESSES WILL BOOM!

UK: Baseline tariff effective April 5, 2025, under IEEPA. May 8, 2025, deal reduced auto tariffs to 10% (100,000 vehicles), eliminated steel/aluminum tariffs with quotas. The UK removed a 20% beef tariff. No changes since July 17, 2025.

Brazil: 50% imposed by Trump on July 9, 2025, as a political issue; compounds 50% metal tariff. Impacts coffee, orange juice. Brazil considers 50% retaliatory tariffs, WTO action.

U.S.-EU Tariff Update (Effective August 1, 2025): EU Tariff Status

Current Status (10% Baseline): Trump imposed 10% baseline + 10% reciprocal tariff; i.e. total 20% tariffs as part of his grand Liberation day celebration event on April 2, 2025 on all EU goods under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), as part of Trump’s reciprocal trade policy to address the EU’s $198 billion trade surplus with the U.S. (2024 data). Sector-specific tariffs also apply: 25% on automobiles, 50% on steel/aluminum (except above quotas), and 25% on semiconductors, with exemptions for pharmaceuticals and certain electronics (e.g., smartphones). But on April 5, 2025, Trump blinked, and the U.S. imposed a 10% baseline tariff.

Potential 15% Tariff (July 23, 2025, FT Report): The U.S. and EU are nearing a trade deal that would impose a 15% tariff on most EU imports, replacing the 10% baseline and merging existing duties, effective August 1, 2025. This mirrors a recent U.S.-Japan deal (15% tariff, July 22, 2025). Exemptions include aircraft, spirits, and medical devices. The EU is preparing €93 billion ($109 billion) in retaliatory tariffs (up to 30%) if no deal is reached by August 1, targeting U.S. cars, aircraft, and liquor.

Previous Trump Tariffs Threats (30% Tariff): On July 12, 2025, Trump threatened a 30% tariff on all EU goods, effective August 1, 2025, citing stalled negotiations and EU tariffs on U.S. goods (e.g., digital services taxes). Earlier demands (July 18, 2025) pushed for 15–20% tariffs, with no auto tariff reduction from 25%. The 15% deal represents a compromise, though the EU initially sought a 10% rate or zero-for-zero tariffs.

Lutnick’s Remarks: U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, in a July 23, 2025, interview on CBS’s “Face the Nation,” expressed cautious optimism about securing a U.S.-EU trade deal but emphasized that the August 1, 2025, deadline for tariff imposition (potentially 30% if no deal is reached) is “hard.” He stated, “We’ll get a deal done. I am confident we’ll get a deal done,” but warned, “Nothing stops countries from talking to us after August 1, but they’re going to start paying the tariffs on August 1.”

Lutnick’s comments suggest that while a 15% tariff deal is feasible, failure to finalize by the deadline would trigger higher tariffs, reflecting a firm U.S. negotiating stance. Lutnick implied that the EU must “play nice” for a 15% tariff; otherwise, it will face 30%, indicating pressure tactics. Conversely, the White House Trade Adviser Peter Navarro’s skepticism, calling the 15% deal report “aspirational” and urging caution, as the EU avoids public negotiation leaks.

Earlier, Lutnick expressed confidence in securing a deal (July 20, 2025), but warned the August 1 deadline is “hard.” EU Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič noted “regret” at the 30% threat but emphasized ongoing talks (July 14, 2025). The EU extended a duty-free U.S. lobster import deal (expiring July 31, 2025) to de-escalate tensions.

On July 23, Trump said in the AI summit that the US is currently in serious talks with the EU. Trump also touted the deals he recently reached with Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia and said he was in the process of getting a deal with China: "Even if you're like me, a deal junkie, it's a lot of deals, we got a lot of deals cooking--Key to any deal with the US is opening up the country to American business”.

White House Terminated 15% EU Trade Talks as Speculative: On July 23, 2025, the White House stated that any discussions about a U.S.-EU trade agreement should be considered “speculation” unless confirmed by President Trump himself. This followed the Financial Times report and Navarro’s comments downplaying the 15% tariff deal’s certainty. The White House’s position underscores Trump’s centralized control over trade policy announcements, aiming to manage expectations and maintain leverage in negotiations.

The statement aligns with Trump’s history of erratic tariff announcements (e.g., 50% EU tariff threat on May 24, 2025, delayed to July 9 after talks with Ursula von der Leyen). It reflects caution amid ongoing negotiations, with EU Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič engaging U.S. officials (July 14–23, 2025) to secure a deal. The EU offered concessions like tariff reductions on U.S, like cars from 10% to 0% if the U.S. lowers auto tariffs below 20%, but progress remains uncertain. The “speculation” label suggests the 15% deal is not finalized, and Trump’s approval is critical. EU diplomats’ optimism for a 15% deal, but Navarro’s dismissal highlights risks of higher tariffs (30%) if talks falter.

Economic Context: A potential 15% tariff would raise costs for EU exports (~$557 billion in 2024, e.g., vehicles, machinery), contributing to a $1,300–$1,700 annual U.S. household cost increase. Failure to secure a deal risks a 30% tariff, prompting EU retaliation (e.g., €93 billion in counter-tariffs on U.S. cars, aircraft).

Sector-Specific Tariffs: These rates are separate from sector-specific tariffs (e.g., autos, steel & aluminum, copper) and aim to address Trump’s perceived trade imbalances. Trump warned that retaliatory tariffs from these countries would lead to even higher U.S. tariffs, while also appreciating any relocation of foreign/US MNC manufacturing facilities into the US, in which case there would be no tariffs and hard regulation.

·         Automobiles (25%): Imposed February 1, 2025, under Section 232, effective March 4, 2025, citing national security. Applies globally unless exempted (e.g., UK: 10% for 100,000 vehicles; Mexico/Canada: USMCA-compliant autos exempt). Increases vehicle prices, disrupts supply chains. Trump claims it boosts U.S. jobs (March 6, 2025). Trump also offered an income tax deduction on interest paid for US cars.

·         Metals (50%): Imposed February 4, 2025, under Section 232, effective March 4, 2025, for steel/aluminum; copper added July 8, 2025. The UK is exempted with quotas; Canada/Brazil face full tariffs. Raises costs for construction/autos. Trump cites national security (July 8, 2025).

·         Chips (25%): Imposed February 4, 2025, under Section 301, effective March 4, 2025, to support CHIPS Act; Applies globally, with exemptions for some electronics (e.g., smartphones). Increases electronics costs but encourages U.S. production. Trump emphasizes tech independence (February 4, 2025).

·         Pharmaceuticals (Planned): On July 8, 2025, Trump threatened a 200% tariff on imported pharmaceuticals, giving drug makers about a year to a year and a half to facilitate US production.  This followed earlier announcements in January and February 2025 of tariffs on pharmaceuticals and semiconductors at 25% or higher.

Conclusions


Overall, Trump’s proposed (threatened) weighted average tariffs as of April 2, 2025, were around 28%, but actual implemented tariffs were around 12% theoretically. Practically, the actual import data, tariffs collected by the US Treasury (paid by US importers), is around 6% in H1CY25 vs the earlier 3% in H1CY24. If trump implements all his reciprocal tariffs narrative from August 1, 2025 as par above table, then the effective weight5ed average tariffs would be around 24% and if we adjust old tariff of 3%, then the net impact would be ~21%, which is substantial, but could be absorbed equally by US importers, consumers and may be also by global exporters.

Overall, despite Trump’s new tariff threats, Wall Street is steady, hovering around life lifetime high as:

·         Fine prints of import data show actual effective tariffs of ~6% vs earlier 3% in H1CY25; thus, it’s not showing big in the US inflation data so far (together with front loading)

·         The market believes that Trump will soon withdraw Fentanyl from China

·         Trump may impose reciprocal 10-15% tariffs on  the EU

·         The effective weighted average tariffs on Mexican and Canadian goods are now ~12.50% and 10.00% despite the big Trump tariff headline; it would be 13.75% and 11% from August 1 if Trump goes on in his threat.

·         Overall, Trump may keep average effective rates 15% for the EU, 10% for China, 10-15% for Mexico, and for Canada, contributing ~60% of US imports

·         If Trump keeps ~20% average tariffs on the rest 40% from the rest of the world, overall effective tariffs may be ~15% vs 3% prior, which may not be a big issue as it would be equally divided between US importers, US consumers, and may also be global exporters.

·         But if Trump keeps 15-20% average tariffs on top five exporters (China, EU, Mexico, Canada and Japan) and 20% on rest of the world, effective weighted average tariffs should be around 18-22%, which may create some issues for both Wall Street (US importers/corporates/producers/retailers), Main Street (US consumers) and also Global Street (global exporters).

·         So far, Trump’s August Tariff plan is showing around a 17.50% weighted average rate on the top 20 importers, contributing almost 88.50% of imports.

·         If Trump withdraws the 20% Fentanyl levy on China alone, the weighted average effective rate would be around 15% from the top 20 importers.

·         As per Trump admin projections about potential tariffs revenue of ~ $300B per year on average on ~$3T US imports per year, implying 10% weighted average US tariffs from 2025-2035

Overall, Wall Street Futures are hovering around a record high, led by hopes of less hawkish Trump trade and Fed policy in the coming days; also mixed report card for Q2CY25 so far is helping.

Fair Value of SPX-500:

Talking about earnings, the TTM (Q1CY25) SPX-500 was $217 vs 191 (y/y); grew by around 13.2% and at the present run rate is set to grow by around 2.5% to 222 in Q2CY25 and 11.5% from CY25 to 234 by CY25 and 259 for CY26. The TTM PE for SPX-500 at 6350 levels is now around 30, at a historically bubble zone against the overall average growth run rate of around 10.6%, the average fair value for SPX-500 for CY25 should be around 5273 and 5834. As the stock market generally discounts 1Y earnings in advance, the best case scenario for SPX-500 in CY25 should be around 6500 (~6482) and the base case scenario could be around 5800 (~5834) to 5200 (~5185) depending on the actual Trump tariff trajectory. Lower Fed rates and lower Fed interest on bank reserve would be negative for banks & financials.


Market Impact

Wall Street futures closed mixed Thursday, July 24, 2025, on hopes & hypes of softer Trump tariffs and Fed monetary policy and mixed report card/corporate updates. The S&P 500 and the Nasdaq 100 closed at fresh record highs on Thursday, edged up respectively, supported by strong earnings from Alphabet that bolstered investor confidence in AI investments. Alphabet surged after the company topped 2nd quarter expectations and raised its 2025 capital spending forecast by $10 billion, lifting fellow tech giants like Microsoft, Nvidia, and Amazon.

Tesla plunged after CEO Elon Musk issued a guidance warning of challenging quarters ahead. The Dow Jones (DJ-30) lagged, dropping 270 points, dragged down by a plunge in IBM on disappointing revenue and a 4.7% decline in UnitedHealth, which revealed a DOJ investigation and decided to contest the same.

Markets were also focused on President Trump’s surprise visit to the Federal Reserve, where he intensified pressure on Chair Powell over interest rates. Meanwhile, trade negotiations remained a key theme, with progress reported in talks with the EU, and South Korea—though Trump indicated that no tariffs would fall below 15%.

On Thursday, Wall Street was boosted by energy (high oil), techs, and communication services, while dragged by consumer discretionary, materials, healthcare, consumer staples, industrials, utilities, real estate and financials. DJ-30 was boosted by Chevron, Nvidia, Amazon, Microsoft, Walmart, Verizon, Caterpillar and P&G, while dragged by IBM, Honeywell, United Health, Nike, McDonald’s, Boeing, Travelers, and 3M.

Weekly Technical outlook: DJ-30, NQ-100, SPX-500 and Gold

Looking ahead, whatever may be the narrative, technically Dow Future (CMP: 44800) now has to sustain over 45000 for a further rally towards 45300*/45800* and only sustaining above 45800, may further rally to 46100/46500-47100/47200 in the coming days; otherwise sustaining below 44950, DJ-30 may again fall to 44200/43900-43400/42400 and 41700/41200-40700/39900 in the coming days.

Similarly, NQ-100 Future (23000) now has to sustain over 23100 for a further rally to 23300/23600*-23800/24000 and 24100/24450-24700/25000 in the coming days; otherwise, sustaining below 22900, NQ-100 may again fall to 2400/22200-21900/20900-20700/20200 and 19890/18300-17400/16400in the coming days.

Looking ahead, whatever may be the fundamental narrative, technically SPX-500 (CMP: 6300) now has to sustain over 6450-6500 for a further rally to 6600/7000-7500/8300 in the coming days; otherwise, sustaining below 6375/6300-6250/6200, SPX-500may again fall to 6000/5800-5600/5300 in the coming days.



Technically Gold (CMP: 3350) has to sustain over 3375-3395 for a further rally to 3405/3425*-3450/3505*, and even 3525/3555 in the coming days; otherwise sustaining below 3365-3360, Gold may again fall to 3340/3320-3300*/3280 and 3255*/3225*-3200/3165* and further to 3130/3115*-3075/3015-2990/2975-2960*/2900* and 2800/2750 in the coming days.


Disclaimer: I am an NSE-certified Level-2 market professional (Financial Analyst- Fundamental + Technical) and not a SEBI/SEC-registered investment advisor. The article is purely educational and not a proxy for any trading/investment signal/advice.  I am a professional analyst, signal provider, and content writer with over ten years of experience. All views expressed in the blog are strictly personal & independent and may or may not match with any organization with, I may be associated.

If you want to support independent & professional market analytics, you may contribute to my PayPal A/C: asisjpg@gmail.com

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